Question 1

What is the difference between AWS, GCP, and Azure, and which cloud provider should I choose?

Accepted Answer

AWS (Amazon Web Services) is the market leader with the broadest service catalog and the most mature ecosystem of managed services, making it the safest choice for most applications. GCP (Google Cloud Platform) excels in data analytics, machine learning (BigQuery, Vertex AI), and Kubernetes management (GKE is the most polished managed Kubernetes service). Azure is the best fit when your organization is deeply integrated with Microsoft products (Active Directory, Office 365, .NET) or has enterprise licensing agreements. For startups and SMEs building on modern stacks, AWS is the default recommendation due to its reliability, extensive documentation, and large talent pool. However, the right choice depends on your existing infrastructure, team expertise, and workload characteristics. TechYantram is cloud-agnostic and works across all three platforms.

Question 2

What does 'Infrastructure as Code' (IaC) mean and why should I care about it?

Accepted Answer

Infrastructure as Code means defining your cloud resources (servers, databases, networking, security rules) in code files that can be version-controlled, reviewed, and redeployed automatically — instead of clicking through a web console manually. The primary tool we use is Terraform, which works across AWS, GCP, and Azure. IaC matters for several reasons: it makes your infrastructure reproducible (you can spin up an identical environment for staging, testing, or disaster recovery in minutes), it prevents configuration drift (the production environment matches exactly what is defined in code), it enables audit trails (infrastructure changes are tracked like software changes in Git), and it supports team collaboration (multiple engineers can propose infrastructure changes through pull requests). Without IaC, infrastructure management becomes tribal knowledge that creates single points of failure.

Question 3

What is Kubernetes and does my application need it?

Accepted Answer

Kubernetes (K8s) is a container orchestration platform that manages the deployment, scaling, networking, and health of containerized applications across a cluster of servers. It automatically restarts crashed containers, scales your application up or down based on traffic, distributes load across instances, and supports zero-downtime deployments. You likely need Kubernetes if you have a microservices architecture with 5+ services, require automatic horizontal scaling during traffic spikes, need sophisticated deployment strategies (blue-green, canary), or operate at a scale where manual container management becomes unmanageable. For simpler applications — a single-service API with a database — a managed container service like AWS ECS, Cloud Run, or even a managed PaaS platform is simpler and less operationally demanding. We will honestly assess whether Kubernetes adds value for your workload or whether a simpler solution is more appropriate.

Question 4

How do you approach cloud cost optimization?

Accepted Answer

Cloud bills often grow unexpectedly because teams provision resources generously during development and never right-size for production. Our cost optimization process starts with a cloud spend audit using AWS Cost Explorer, GCP Billing, or equivalent tools to identify the top cost drivers. Common savings come from right-sizing over-provisioned EC2/GCE instances based on actual CPU and memory utilization, converting on-demand instances to Reserved Instances or Savings Plans (typically 30–60% savings), implementing S3 lifecycle policies to move infrequently accessed data to cheaper storage classes, eliminating unused resources (unattached volumes, idle load balancers, unused Elastic IPs), and moving appropriate workloads to spot/preemptible instances. We typically identify 25–45% savings opportunities in the first audit for organizations without an existing FinOps practice.

Question 5

What is a cloud migration and how long does it typically take?

Accepted Answer

A cloud migration is the process of moving your applications, data, and workloads from on-premise servers or a legacy hosting environment to a cloud platform. The process involves several phases: Assessment (2–4 weeks) where we document your current architecture, dependencies, data volumes, and compliance requirements; Planning (1–3 weeks) where we define the migration strategy (lift-and-shift vs. re-platforming vs. refactoring), risk mitigation plans, and a rollback strategy; Migration execution where we migrate workloads in waves starting with non-critical systems; and Validation where we verify performance, security, and functionality in the cloud environment. A simple lift-and-shift of 5–10 services can be completed in 6–10 weeks. A re-platforming involving application refactoring, database migration, and security hardening for a complex system can take 4–9 months. Zero-downtime migrations are achievable with proper planning and are our standard approach.

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